Madagascar, one of the poorest countries in the world, faces many challenges. But recent political stability, debt cancellation, and a strong developmental plan for the future embedded in the Madagascar Action Plan – in addition to Madagascar's long-standing advantages of great mineral and environmental wealth – hold great promise for Madagascar's near and medium term future. Epstein, Heintz, Ndikumana and Change look closely at the country's economy, and recommend a shift away from the current IMF-based macroeconomic framework, toward one that focuses on growth, development and poverty reduction.